Vatican wine traditions continue

Pope Francis, the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State, died this Monday, April 21, at the age of 88. His death marks the end of a papacy that began in March 2013 and was noted for its global influence on religious, social and political matters. Beyond his spiritual role, Francis also led a sovereign state with deep historical and cultural ties to wine, a beverage that remains integral to the Vatican's identity.

Wine has played a central role in Vatican life for centuries, grounded in its liturgical function. The tradition dates back to the Last Supper, where Jesus offered wine as a symbol of his blood. This ritual is preserved in the Catholic Mass, where consecrated wine is essential to the Eucharist. The Code of Canon Law requires that wine used in the sacrament be made solely from grapes and free of impurities or additives. This demand for purity imposes strict standards on the sourcing and production of liturgical wine.

Though Vatican City covers only 44 hectares and lacks space for vineyards, wine production still occurs within the Holy See's extended holdings. The Villa Barberini in Castel Gandolfo, located about 25 kilometers from Rome, serves as the Vatican's main agricultural estate. It includes vineyards, olive groves and orchards. Wine is produced there in limited quantities, primarily for internal consumption and liturgical use.

In 2015, the Vatican permitted the first commercial release of wines produced at Castel Gandolfo. The initiative came from the Governatorato, the Vatican's administrative authority, to promote the estate's agricultural heritage. Bottles bearing Latin inscriptions and papal symbols were sold in Vatican outlets, with proceeds directed toward the maintenance of papal properties and social projects.

In addition to its own production, the Vatican sources wine from certified producers in Italy and abroad. These wines must comply with canonical requirements and are stored in cellars beneath the Apostolic Palace. The cellars also house oils, spirits and other items used at Vatican meals. Some wines are donated by wineries seeking recognition or connection with the Holy See.

Religious orders across Europe also continue to produce wine, often within historic monasteries and abbeys. These wines, some of which are made using traditional monastic methods, contribute to the financial self-sufficiency of the religious communities. Over time, many of these wines have achieved commercial success and are recognized for their craftsmanship.

Wine holds a ceremonial role in Vatican diplomacy. It is commonly presented during official visits and exchanged in diplomatic contexts. Some wine regions have sought Vatican approval for their wines to be used in the Mass, requiring compliance with liturgical standards set by the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments.

Culturally, wine has featured in many papal remarks. Pope Francis frequently referenced it in his speeches, highlighting its symbolic connection to joy, family and celebration. During a 2022 meeting with Italian vintners, he acknowledged the spiritual value of farming and wine production, linking it to stewardship of the Earth.

In everyday life within Vatican walls, wine continues to be served in moderation during meals and gatherings. It is part of the table in Vatican residences, at official receptions and among clergy. While much of it comes from Italian producers, wines from Spain, France, Argentina and Chile have also appeared at Vatican events.

Wine remains deeply embedded in the Vatican's religious practices, diplomatic customs, and cultural expressions. Its continued presence reflects a long-standing tradition that bridges faith, agriculture and the shared human experience.